Strengthen the Country and Enrich the People by Paul Bailey

Author:Paul Bailey [Bailey, Paul]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Ethnic Studies, General, Regional Studies
ISBN: 9781136794216
Google: msldAgAAQBAJ
Barnesnoble:
Goodreads: 20309849
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2013-12-16T00:00:00+00:00

NOTES

1 According to Banno Masataka, Chūgoku kindaika to Ba Kenchū, p.34 the letter was addressed to one of Li Hongzhang’s associates and was meant to be read by officials at the Zongli Yamen.

2 By this time Chinese embassies had been opened in London, Berlin, Paris, Tokyo and Washington.

3 The phrase Ma uses here, bulao guquan, is drawn from the Zhanguo ce (Intrigues of the Warring States), a collection of anecdotes about interstate diplomacy during the late Zhou period (5th to 3rd centuries B.C) and which was probably compiled in the 2nd century B.C. Bulao guquan means to call on the hound only after seeing the hare, and to repair the pen only after the sheep has bolted; it has come to mean that it is never too late to do something; there is always something to be done to make up for lost time or past mistakes. The full citation is jian tu ergu quan, wei wei wan ye; wang yang er bu lao wei wei chi ye (to call for the hound only after seeing the hare cannot be considered as too late; to mend the pen after the sheep has bolted cannot be considered as too tardy). See Zhongguo chengyu da cidian (Shanghai, 1987), p.457.

4 Ma is alluding to a passage from Mencius: ‘The people under a leader of the feaudal lords are happy; those under a true king are expansive and content.’ D.C.Lau (trans), Mencius, p.184.

5 Lit: ‘having Chinese diplomats live in Zhuang and Yue’. Ma is drawing on a passage from Mencius in which he asserted that if a councillor of Chu wanted his son to speak the language of Qi it would be appropriate for him to be sent to live in Zhuang and Yue (places in Qi). D.C.Lau (trans), Mencius, p.111.

6 Ma uses a phrase from the 3rd century A.D. work Sanguozhi (History of the Three Kingdoms). Wu xia A Meng has come to mean an untutored or ignorant person. See Hanyu chengyu kaoshi cidian (Beijing, 1989), p. 1184.

7 The low-cut dresses of Western women often aroused the horror of Chinese diplomats. See, for example, Liu Xihong’s observations of a ball he attended in London, in J.Frodsham, The First Chinese Embassy to the West, pp. 139–140. Japanese envoys were equally scandalized by the ‘lewdness’ of Western women. See Masao Miyoshi, As We Saw Them: The First Japanese Embassy to the West (Berkeley, 1979), p.71.

8 Zhou Dynasty (1122 B.C.-256 B.C); Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.-207 B.C.).

9 Emperor Wudi of the Han dynasty (202 B.C.-220 A.D.) reigned from 141 to 87 B.C. He pursued an active foreign policy, subjugating southern Manchuria and most of Korea, and made extensive use of envoys to form alliances with non-Chinese peoples in central Asia in order to confront the military threat of the Xiongnu, nomadic tribes on the northern frontiers.

10 pi xi dao kuan. Ma quotes here from Zhuangzi (‘yangsheng zhu’ section) in which Butcher Ting explains to Lord Wenhui how he splits an ox: ‘Relying upon the natural arrangement of its body I strike the big cavities and pass through the large crevices (pi daxi dao dakuan)’.

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